PLANNING GOALS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES
A. INTRODUCTION There are some crucial dimensions of decision making in curriculum planning. The curriculum planners should know what language is, what teaching is, why learners study, how they learn, in what condition they learn, how their teachers help them, what material used, etc. Therefore, the planners need to collect the information that can be used to develop learners’ need and analyze the contextual factors where language is taught. After all of information is completed, the planners start to determine the goal and outcomes of a program. Several key assumptions about goals characterized the curriculum approach to educational planning. These can be summarized as follows: 1. People are generally motivated to pursue specific goals. 2. The use of goals in teaching improves the effectiveness of teaching and learning. 3. A program will be effective to the extent that is its goal are sound and clearly described Richard (2001) L